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Solar permit statistics: U.S. residential installs by state
Scout Data's permit database shows 4,586,606 residential solar permits across 1,154 counties, of which 347,293 were issued in the past 12 months.
- Residential solar permitting peaked at 574,306 permits in 2023, then fell to 414,539 in 2024 and 382,393 in 2025.
- California led with 144,697 tracked residential solar permits in the past 12 months, versus 33,375 in Florida.
- The national median declared valuation on residential solar permits issued since January 2024 is $23,783.
What percentage of homes have solar? Rooftop counts by state
4,451,792 of 80,265,597 classified single-family roofs carry solar panels, 5.55% of U.S. single-family homes.
- California leads at 24.44%, roughly one single-family roof in four; Nevada (18.25%) and Arizona (15.30%) follow.
- 1,748,126 California single-family homes have panels on the roof, 39% of every solar home in the country.
- San Diego County alone is at 42.0%.
How often does a home solar install include a battery?
Of 368,049 residential solar permits filed in 2025, 28.98% state that the job includes energy storage, against 0.13% in 2015.
- Measured at the home rather than the permit, the 2025 attachment figure is 31.6%.
- With California removed entirely the attach rate still runs from 9.7% in 2023 to 22.5% in 2025.
- 398,812 homes hold both a residential solar permit and a permit recording storage, out of 3,757,036 homes with a solar permit.
Solar permits that never got installed: 595,060 bare roofs
Across 2,836,257 single-family homes with a solar permit and an evaluated roof, 595,060 (21.0%) have no array visible today.
- On the 2018–2022 permit vintages, where imagery has caught up, the rate settles at 16.6%–17.8%, roughly one home in six.
- Homes whose solar permits all expired show no array 65.2% of the time, against 15.7% for homes with a completed permit.
Bankrupt solar installers: the full Scout Data list
102 residential solar installers are on the Scout Data bankrupt installer list; 28 filed Chapter 7 and 9 filed Chapter 11.
- Freedom Forever filed for Chapter 11 on April 15, 2026 in the District of Delaware (case 26-10522) with more than $500 million in liabilities.
- Those installers left behind 387,563 tracked residential solar permits.
- On the narrower basis of 38 companies with a confirmed filing date, 394,258 homes across 47 states were permitted before the installer went under.
Roof replacement statistics: what 13.7M roofing permits show
Among homes with two or more observed roofing permits, the median interval between them is 14 years, across 309,255 observed intervals.
- 732,943 residential roofing permits were issued in the past 12 months alone.
- The median U.S. home is 42 years old when a roofing permit is pulled.
- The national median declared valuation on residential roofing permits issued since January 2024 is $15,000.
What is the most common roofing material? U.S. roofs by state
Across 50,687,261 single-family homes where the roof material is recorded, in 2,275 counties, 77.4% carry asphalt or composition shingle.
- Metal is second at 6.3%, tile and concrete third at 5.4%.
- Nevada leads at 69.7% tile or concrete; Arizona follows at 37.1%, Washington 12.8%, Florida 11.4%.
- Wood shake fell from 7.0% of 1960s homes to 1.6% of 2020s homes, slate from 3.4% to 0.2%.
How often is a home HVAC system replaced?
Across homes with two or more permits for the same equipment, the median gap is 13 years for a furnace or boiler and 12 for air conditioning.
- The median home pulling an HVAC replacement permit is 39 years old, with a quarter under 24 and a quarter over 60.
- 14.4% of U.S. residential HVAC replacement permits in 2025 named a heat pump, mini-split or ductless system, up from 8.8% in 2016.
- Cooling replacements peak in July at 182,383 permits a month against a February trough of 110,433, a 65% swing.
How old are American homes?
The median U.S. single-family home was built in 1979, making it 47 years old in 2026, from build years on 79,636,129 single-family homes.
- 38,523,535 single-family homes, 48.4% of the dated stock, predate the 1978 federal ban on lead-based paint.
- New York has the oldest housing at a median build year of 1956, with 28.4% built before 1940.
- The 2000s added 11,099,247 single-family homes still standing; the 2010s added 5,829,263.
How long do people stay in their homes? Tenure by state
Reading the last recorded sale on every single-family home, the median owner-occupant has been in the same house for 9.8 years.
- Across 52.9 million owner-occupied single-family homes with a usable sale date, the mean tenure is 12.9 years.
- About a quarter have been in the same house 20 years or more; 4.4% arrived within the last twelve months.
- Half of all owner-occupants sit between 4.9 and 19.8 years in the home.
How many single-family homes do companies own?
Across 85,061,162 single-family homes, 5,353,183 (6.3%) are titled to a business entity rather than to a person.
- Among homes that changed hands since the start of 2021 the figure is 10.0%, and among homes last sold in 2026 it is 14.1%.
- 68.3% of company-owned single-family homes belong to entities owning fewer than ten.
- Only 0.33% of all U.S. single-family homes sit under an owner name holding a thousand or more.
Where are people moving? What the parcel data shows
Across 85,061,162 American single-family homes, 4,166,289 were built since 2020, and where they landed is very unevenly distributed.
- In Idaho 12.34% of standing single-family homes were built since 2020; St. Johns County, Florida leads at 25.04%.
- 3,665,576 single-family homes recorded a sale between August 2025 and August 2026, about 4.3% of the stock.
- Of 3,996,396 out-of-state owners only 308,465 are also owner-occupied.
Door knocking statistics: what 237,000 real knocks show
On real field days, someone answers at 37.0% of knocked doors; 63.0% reach nobody.
- The contact rate swings from 31.5% in the 9 a.m. hour to 46.2% in the 8 p.m. hour.
- Monday has the highest contact rate (38.1%) and Saturday the lowest (34.7%).
- Reps mark 5.8% of logged knocks "Appointment Set", one appointment per 17.2 doors.
Residential solar permits by state
The national solar permit series broken out by state: permits by year since 2015, the busiest counties, median declared project values, rooftop adoption and battery attach rates, on one cohort so the states compare. Published so far: California, Florida, Texas, Arizona, Colorado, New York, Oregon, Nevada.